What is the relationship between mind and body? People have always debated whether the mind governs the body or the body governs the mind. So which is which? Can their relationship be described as two, separate and distinct units in one entity or what?
The body, I believe, may be considered as the instrument which carries people through the various stages in the journey of their lives. It is, in effect, similar to an airplane which allows one to go to different places around the world. Inside of the airplane we may think of a pilot who pushes the controls, and steers the plane around – and this is, perhaps, how we may also perceive the mind. However, the relationship between the body and mind is much more than a simple mechanistic relationship within each human. There are also emotional and sensual experiences, and how these are derived from the body and mind 'machine'.
Buddha’s Tantric teachings explained in great detail the relationship between mind and body – a relationship between two distinct entities, which for the duration of a life have become associated with each other but which can also exist separately. Buddha compared the mind to a bird and the body to a nest. Like a bird leaving one nest and flying to another, at death the mind leaves this body and seeks another body (reincarnation). Alternatively, mind and body are like a driver and a car, which affect each other but are obviously not the same entity (same concept as the aforementioned).
Furthermore, the claim of Buddha can also be supported by Rene Descartes’ argument in his book Meditations (1641), which stated that the mind and body are distinct substances. He wrote that humans are spirits, and that their essential attributes are exclusively of the spirit (for example thinking, willing, and conceiving). The human spirit (which we can refer to as the ‘mind’) occupies a mechanical body, made up of extended substance or matter. Attributes like sense perception, movement and appetite are of the body and not the spirit, so they do not comprise human essence.
Buddha and Rene Descartes somehow agree on the notion that the mind and body are two distinct entities. Alfred Adler on the other hand illustrated the interaction of the mind and body.
Adler stated that the central principle of the mind is to foresee the direction of movement. Since it is the mind's role to decide a direction towards which movement is to be made, it occupies the governing position in life. At the same time, the body influences the mind because it is the body which must be moved. The mind can move the body only in accordance with the possibilities which the body possesses and those which it can be trained to develop. For instance, if the mind suggests moving the body to the moon, it will fail because the body has limitations as to the extent of what it can do (unless it discovers a technique suited to the body's limitations to realize the intention).
Therefore, the body and the mind are two separate and distinct entities that interact with each other. The mind governs the body and the body influences the mind.